The maintenance of good health is a public necessity and right to which all international and national communities agree upon. When considering health issues in a larger scale, the significance of good health becomes even more apparent; the same is also discerned when one observes the excessive developments and achievements in health-care technology. For this study, health-care variables were investigated throughout the cities of Kerman province of Iran, in 1390. The research type was that of quantitative and analytic. According to Vigstaf, Paucy, and Dousel's CONCENTRATION scale, the results of this study demonstrated that the highest amount of health-care services is concentrated in the city of Kerman, and that is with the combination scale of 105, Kerman has obtained the first place in rank for health-care services. The results of this study revealed that among the cities of Kerman province, the over-CONCENTRATION rate was that of Kerman city, the above-CONCENTRATION rate was that of Rafsanjan, and the med-CONCENTRATION rate was that of Baam, Jiroft, and Sirjan, and the under-CONCENTRATION rate was that of Baaft, Zarand, Kahnouj, Shahrbabak, Bardsir, Anbarabaad, Ravar, Southren Roudbar, Fahraj, Anar, Rigan, Manoujan, Ghaleh Ganj, and Kouhbanan. The Vigstaf CONCENTRATION Scale demonstrates that the highest amount of health-care services is concentrated in Kerman city. The combination scale of Vistaf's CONCENTRATION Scale illustrates that Kerman city is at the above-CONCENTRATION rate, while Rafsanjan, Baam, Sirjan, Jiroft, and Baaft are at the med-CONCENTRATION rate, and Zarand, Kahnouj, Shahrbabak, Anbarabaad, Bardsir, Anar, Rabor, Rigan, Fahraj, Manoujan, Southern Roudbar, Ghaleh Ganj, Ravar, and Kouhbanan are at the under-CONCENTRATION rate. The results of this study with the combination of these two models have exposed that Kerman city is the highest in rank, and Kouhbanan is the 20th. The objective of this study was to investigate the health-care facility and services within each of these cities, and to evaluate them. also, to reveal the differences and delimitations in these services via a comparative study throughout Kerman province.

The CONCENTRATION of firms in an industry is of the interest of economists, business, strategist, and government agencies. The CONCENTRATION RATIO is the percent of the market share owned by the largest few firms in an industry. In this research the 5-firm CONCENTRATION RATIO is estimated using the lognormal model by 2002 statistics and its comparison with that of 1994; corresponding to 2-digit ISIC industrial code, in terms of employment. The results indicate that the CONCENTRATION RATIO in all industries except the industry of Radio, Television and Communications have reduced in 2002 relative to that of in 1994. In these years, the Fabric metal (but machineries and instruments) production, Non-metal mineral products, Textiles, Furniture and Other unclassified products have been the most competitive industries, respectively.

Background: This study was undertaken to evaluate the role of day 3 FSH/LH RATIO and day 3 LH level as predictors of IVF cycle outcomes.Methods: This prospective observational study was undertaken in the IVF and Reproductive Biology Centre and Lok Nayak Hospital, affiliated to Maulana Azad Medical College, in New Delhi, India. The study included 105 women who underwent controlled ovarian hyperstimulation for in vitro fertilization. Characteristics of IVF cycles and outcomes were studied in patient subgroups based on day 3 FSH/LH RATIO (<2 and ³2) and day 3 LH levels (>3 and £3 mIU/ml). The student t-test, Bartlett's test, chi-squred (c2) and Fisher's exact test, and linear regression model were used for data analysis. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.Results: Women with an elevated FSH/LH RATIO ³2 (n=31) required higher doses of gonadotrophins (3019.34 vs. 2482.43 IU). The outcome of IVF was poor in these patients and they had fewer number of mature follicles (>16 mm) (5.44 vs. 6.09), less E2/mature follicle RATIO (4.65 vs. 6.36), fewer retrieved oocytes (6.67 vs. 9.09) and fewer pregnancy rates (11.1% vs. 33.8%). On the other hand, patients with low basal LH levels (£3 mIU/ml) did not differ significantly in terms of response to controlled ovarian hyperstimulation except for fewer number of retrieved oocytes (7.33 vs. 7.91) but there was a trend towards poor pregnancy rates (7.33 vs. 7.91) but there was a trend towards poor pregnancy rates as compared to subgroup with LH levels >3 mIU/ml.Conclusion: Elevated day 3 FSH/LH RATIO is associated with inferior outcome in IVF treatment cycles and it could be used as an additional predictor of decreased ovarian reserve.

The ability and possibility of calf sex determination is very important in animal husbandry industry and is one of old aims in dairy and beef cattle industry. Due to being heterogamete, bull has a greater contribution in sexual RATIO than cattle. Specification of sexual RATIO in spermatozoids is done with X and Y chromosomes RATIO. This study was conducted in order to determine the effect of blood testosterone CONCENTRATION on change in X and Y sexual chromosomes’ RATIO of spermatozoids in Holstein bulls using Real-Time PCR technique. In this study, blood and sperm samples were collected from 26 Holstein bulls at breeding center in Abbas Abad station. After DNA extraction from sperms by Salting out method, in order to prolifeRATIOn of 90, 89 and 79 base pair pieces for PLP, SRY and PAR genes respectively, Real-Time PCR was done using specific primer and sexual RATIO was calculated. The results of statistical analysis showed that the least square mean of X and Y chromosomes was 1.23±0.15 and 0.71±0.02 respectively and had a significant difference. Also, the correlation of SRY gene with blood testosterone CONCENTRATION was estimated 0.38 that these results reveal that with an increase in the level of testosterone, the relative amount of spermatozoids carrying SRY gene will increase significantly. Additionally, correlation between PLP gene and blood testosterone was estimated 0.67, so with an increase in testosterone CONCENTRATION, the relative amount of spermatozoids carrying PLP gene decrease significantly.

Monitoring and evaluation of transformers are essential to prevent their insulation failure. In this paper, the use of 2-furan-carboxaldehyde (2-FAL) and methanol (MeOH) CONCENTRATIONs as the main products of paper insulation degradation, and insulation condition markers, has been studied. In order to study the degradation process and production of degradation products, the thermal aging process of the transformer insulation system was implemented in laboratory conditions. The results of laboratory studies show that in the early stages of degradation the amount of MeOH is significant compared to 2-FAL. Also, the estimation of the degree of polymerization (DP) in the early stages of degradation (DP>800) through MeOH CONCENTRATION and with decreasing DP (DP <800) through 2-FAL CONCENTRATION is closer to the real value. The results of studies performed on 35 distribution transformers confirm the production of significant amounts of MeOH in the early stages of degradation. Also, the estimated DP values for the studied transformers were obtained through 2-FAL and MeOH CONCENTRATION. The results show that estimating the amount of DP through MeOH CONCENTRATION is associated with a probability of error of about 9% compared to estimating DP through 2-FAL CONCENTRATION.

Differentiation between exudates and transudates is the first diagnostic approach of a patient with pleural effusion. The aim of this study was to evaluate usefulness of pleural fluid to serum total bilirubin RATIO for distinguishing exudates from transudates and to compare accuracy of this parameter with three other criteria: pleural protein, lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), cholestrol and in relation to established etiology for differentiating exudates from transudates. We prospectively studied 50 patients with pleural effusion, 34 had exudates and 16 had transudates. Correlation of pleural fluid to serum bilirubin CONCENTRATION RATIO of 0.6 or more with the presence of exudates as determined by other established criteria was statistically significant. Its sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and efficiency were 76%, 87.5%, 93%, 63% and 87%, respectively. Therefore pleural fluid to serum bilirubin RATIO can be effective for sepaRATIOn of exudates from transudates. In addition the bilirubin RATIO is more cost effective in terms of laboratory processing and is more readily available.

Introduction: Clinical use of the late responses during routine neurophysiological examination has significantly increased the diagnostic yield of the neurophysiological evaluation. The H max to M max RATIO (H/M RATIO) is considered a suitable index for illustrating the level of reflex excitability of the motor pool.Methods: In this study posterior tibial nerve H/M RATIO changes in cerebrovascular accidents (CVA) evaluated. This investigation was carried out in 22 normal subjects aged 40-65 years with mean 52 years, and in 40 patients with CVA aged 42-63 years with mean 57 years.Results: In normal subjects no significant differences were found between the mean values observed between right and left sides. In patients significant increased H/M RATIOs in both sides with more in non-plegic leg (P<0.01) were found. The facilitation of Babinsky sign in patients is significantly associated with low H/M RATIOs (P=0.003). The H/M RATIO changes were not significantly associated with severity of hemiplegia (P=0.3 for lower extremities, P=0.9 for upper extremities). The H/M RATIO was increased in ischemic lesions (P<0.01), but in intracerebral hemorrhages the soleus H/M RATIO increases in non-plegic side the same as the plegic side.Conclusion: The posterior tibial nerve H/M RATIOs are increased in CVA bilaterally due to decreased presynaptic inhibition Ia terminals, thus amplitude of H reflexes increased without increased amplitude of M response.

The method of selection of the study design decides the type of analysis 10 be used. Case-Control studies assess the causes of a particular outcome, comparing a group of individuals who have experienced the outcome under study with a group who have net.Results appear as a two by two table. As these two groups are sampled separately, the rate of the disease in the exposed or unexposed groups can not be calculated. However, the Odds RATIO can be obtained. The Odds RATIO is sometimes referred to as the cross product RATIO.                        Cases                            Controls Exposed            a                                  b Unexposed         c                                  d Odds RATIO (a/b)I (c/d) = ad/bc